AI-Based HOTS Questions: Training for Elementary School Teachers in the Digital Era
Abstract
The development of the digital era requires teachers to not only master conventional pedagogy, but also have the capability to manage and utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) as part of learning and assessment innovation. However, some elementary school teachers have not fully followed these technological developments, so the preparation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions tends to be done conventionally and has not optimized AI as a professional tool. This Community Service activity aims to provide training in creating AI-based HOTS questions for elementary school teachers to improve their pedagogical competence and digital literacy. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), with stages of socialization, training, technology implementation, mentoring, and program sustainability by emphasizing the active participation of partners. The activity was carried out through collaboration between the proposing team and the target community, namely teachers of Setia Mulya 02 Bekasi Elementary School, so that the materials and practices provided are aligned with the school's needs. The results of the program implementation showed a significant increase in teacher understanding and skills, with more than 70% of participants being able to independently prepare AI-based HOTS questions. These findings confirm that the Community Service Program is relevant to the demands of learning in the digital era and significantly contributes to improving the quality of assessments that are contextual, technology-adaptive, and oriented toward developing students' higher-order thinking.
References
Al Farizi, Z., Nurfadilah, N., Syafira Arifin, A., & Fitriani, N. (2024). Optimizing Students’ HOTS Skills through AI and IoT Integration in Digital Technology Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 25(4), 1719–1737. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v25i4.pp1719-1737
Al Ka’bi, A. (2023). Proposed artificial intelligence algorithm and deep learning techniques for development of higher education. International Journal of Intelligent Networks, 4, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijin.2023.03.002
Cornish, F., Breton, N., Moreno-Tabarez, U., Delgado, J., Rua, M., de-Graft Aikins, A., & Hodgetts, D. (2023). Participatory action research. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 3(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-023-00214-1
Fadila, M. T., Untarti, R., Jazuli, A., & Jaelani, A. (2025). Mathematics in the AI Era: The Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Helping Students Solve HOTS Problems. AlphaMath : Journal of Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.30595/alphamath.v11i2.28261
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika, Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum, 21(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1. 38075. 33-54
Fadli, M. R. (2024). Digital Pedagogy Philosophy: Building Critical Awareness of The Role of Technology in Education. Jurnal Filsafat, 34(2), 307. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.93321
Farag, A., Greeley, L., & Swindell, A. (2022). Freire 2.0: Pedagogy of the digitally oppressed. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 54(13), 2214–2227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2021.2010541
Fikri, A. B., Susapti, P., & Setya, M. A. (2021). The teacher’s ability in making HOTS questions in the thematic learning content of social studies. AULADUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam, 8(2), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.24252/auladuna.v8i2a1.2021
Gembong, S., Yunianto, T. H. E., & Yuhanna, W. L. (2025). Pelatihan Digital Asesmen Berbantuan Artificial Intelligence Quizizz pada Guru SMP di Kabupaten Ngawi. Jurnal Masyarakat Madani Indonesia, 4(4), 1627–1633. https://doi.org/10.59025/1v3sza96
Hendrianty, B. J., Ibrahim, A., Iskandar, S., & Mulyasari, E. (2024). Membangun Pola Pikir Deep Learning Guru Sekolah Dasar. Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.20961/jkc.v12i3.96699
Ilgun Dibek, M., Sahin Kursad, M., & Erdogan, T. (2025). Influence of artificial intelligence tools on higher order thinking skills: a meta-analysis. Interactive Learning Environments, 33(3), 2216–2238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2402028
Indahwati, R., Ramadhani, N., Sy, E. N. S., Basri, H., Alifilardy, M. N., Alannuri, R. F., & Rahman, N. W. (2026). Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Penyusunan Soal HOTS dengan Memanfaatkan Artificial Intelegence. Bima Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 6(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.53299/bajpm.v6i1.3761
Irmayanti, Ritonga, A. A., Masrizal, M., & Yassir, M. (2025). Pendampingan Pengembangan Website Dan E-Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Digital Guru Dan Siswa SMK Swasta Karya Mandiri Dan Dwi Guna Kampung Pajak. KOMUNITA: Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 4(4), 1118–1127. https://doi.org/10.60004/komunita.v4i4.451
Kasman, R. A., Fuad, M., & Ilham, M. (2025). Development of a Chemistry Teaching Module on Chemical Bonding Based on STEM Integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(12), 967–977. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i12.13076
Lenette, C. (2022). Participatory Action Research. Oxford University PressNew York. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512456.001.0001
Munali, M., Liberna, H., Syukriyansyah, S., & Aziiz, E. N. (2024). Penulisan Butir Soal Dengan Artificial intellegence (AI). MAYARA: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.71382/mayara.jurn.peng.masy..v2i2.139
Prawiyogi, A. G., & Rosalina, A. (2025). Deep Learning dalam Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar. Indonesia Emas Group.
Saputra, I., Ulya, R. H., & Arianto, M. A. (2025). Pelatihan implementasi research-driven learning dengan bantuan Deepseek AI untuk peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik bagi Guru SDN 13 Sumani. Selaparang: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 9(6), 4830–4840.
Sastrawati, E., Syarif, A., & Gusmaulia Eka Putri, A. (2025). Pelatihan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Kodular untuk Peningkatan Keterampilan Guru SD Gugus Mentari. KOMUNITA: Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 4(4), 830–841. https://doi.org/10.60004/komunita.v4i4.278
Shiwani, Chaturvedi, D. K., & Singh, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Based Expert System and Higher Order Thinking Skills: A Brief Review. 2025 International Conference on Cognitive Computing in Engineering, Communications, Sciences and Biomedical Health Informatics (IC3ECSBHI), 587–591. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3ECSBHI63591.2025.10991214
Sirait, S., Murniarti, E., & Sihotang, H. (2021). Implementation of Hots-based learning and problem based learning during the pandemic of COVID-19 in SMA Budi Mulia Jakarta. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(2), 296–305.
Utami, R., Rosyida, A., Arlinwibowo, J., & Fatima, G. N. (2022). The effectivity of problem-based learning to improve the HOTS: A meta-analysis. Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research, 5(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147
Waffak, M. N., Sukoco, P., Sugiyanto, F. X., & Setiawan, J. (2022). Developing a Basketball Learning Model Using the Teaching Game for Understanding (TGFU) Approach to Improve the Effectiveness of Hots in Elementary Schools. 7989, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.03
Zuhri, N. Z., Syihabuddin, S., & Tatang, T. (2024). Analisis Validitas, Reliabilitas, dan Tingkat Kesukaran Soal Bahasa Arab Tingkat SMP Berbasis Artificial Intelligence (AI) melalui Platform QuestionWell. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia (JPPI), 4(2), 693–704. https://doi.org/10.53299/jppi.v4i2.576
